Publications

Book Chapters

Zhai, P., Hu, Y. (2011). Radiative Transfer for Coupled Atmosphere and Ocean Systems: Overview. Thermopedia.

Refereed Journal Articles

Aryal, K., Zhai, P., Gao, M., Franz, B. A., Knobelspiesse, K., and Hu, Y., (2024). Machine learning based aerosol and ocean color joint retrieval algorithm for multiangle polarimeters over coastal waters, Opt. Express 32, 29921-29942.

Salesin, K., Knobelspiesse, K., Chowdhary, J., Zhai, P., Jarosz, W., (2024). Unifying radiative transfer models in computer graphics and remote sensing, Part II: A differentiable, polarimetric forward model and validation, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 315, 108849, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2023.108849.

Salesin, K., Knobelspiesse, K., Chowdhary, J., Zhai, P., Jarosz, W., (2024). Unifying radiative transfer models in computer graphics and remote sensing, Part I: A survey, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 314, 108847, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2023.108847.

Gao, M., Franz, B. A., Zhai, P., Knobelspiesse, K., Sayer, A., Xu, X., Martins, J. V., Cairns, B., Castellanos, P., Fu, G., Hannadige, N., Hasekamp, O., Hu, Y., Ibrahim, A., Patt, F., Puthukkudy, A., Werdell, P. J. (2023). Simultaneous retrieval of aerosol and ocean properties from PACE HARP2 with uncertainty assessment using cascading neural network radiative transfer models. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 16(23), 5863–5881. https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/16/5863/2023/

Hannadige, N. K., Zhai, P., Gao, M., Hu, Y., Werdell, P. J., Knobelspiesse, K., Cairns, B. (2023). Performance evaluation of three bio-optical models in aerosol and ocean color joint retrievals. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 16(23), 5749–5770. https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/16/5749/2023/

Zhou, Y., Zhai, P., Yang, Y. (2023). Evaluation of EPIC oxygen bands stability with radiative transfer simulations over the South Pole. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 310, 108737. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022407323002558.

Hannadige, N. K., Zhai, P., Werdell, P. J., Gao, M., Franz, B. A., Knobelspiesse, K., Ibrahim, A. (2023). Optimizing retrieval spaces of bio-optical models for remote sensing of ocean color. Appl. Opt., 62(13), 3299–3309. https://opg.optica.org/ao/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-62-13-3299.

Gao, M., Knobelspiesse, K., Franz, B. A., Zhai, P., Cairns, B., Xu, X., Martins, J. V. (2023). The impact and estimation of uncertainty correlation for multi-angle polarimetric remote sensing of aerosols and ocean color. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 16(8), 2067–2087. https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/16/2067/2023/.

Aryal, K., Zhai, P., Gao, M., Franz, B. A. (2022). Instantaneous photosynthetically available radiation models for ocean waters using neural networks. Applied Optics, 61(33), 9985–9995. https://opg.optica.org/ao/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-61-33-9985. Current Status is Published.

Zhai, P., Gao, M., Franz, B. A., Werdell, P. J., Ibrahim, A., Hu, Y., Chowdhary, J. (2022). A Radiative Transfer Simulator for PACE: Theory and Applications. Frontiers in Remote Sensing, 3. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/frsen.2022.840188.

Zhai, P., Hu, Y. (2022). An improved pseudo spherical shell algorithm for vector radiative transfer. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 282, 108132. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022407322000693.

Montes, M., Pahlevan, N., Giles, D. M., Roger, J.-C., Zhai, P., Smith, B., Levy, R., Werdell, P. J., Smirnov, A. (2022). Augmenting Heritage Ocean-Color Aerosol Models for Enhanced Remote Sensing of Inland and Nearshore Coastal Waters. Frontiers in Remote Sensing, 3. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/frsen.2022.860816. Current Status is Published.

Lu, X., Y. Hu, X. Zeng, S. A. Stamnes, T. A. Neuman, N. T. Kurtz, Y. Yang, P.-W. Zhai, Gao, et al. 2022. “Deriving Snow Depth From ICESat-2 Lidar Multiple Scattering Measurements: Uncertainty Analyses.” Frontiers in Remote Sensing, 3: [10.3389/frsen.2022.891481]

Hu, Y., X. Lu, X. Zeng, S. A. Stamnes, T. A. Neumann, N. T. Kurtz, P. Zhai, Gao et al. 2022. “Deriving Snow Depth From ICESat-2 Lidar Multiple Scattering Measurements.” Frontiers in Remote Sensing, 3: [10.3389/frsen.2022.855159]

Hannadige, N. K., Zhai, P., Gao, M., Franz, B. A., Hu, Y., Knobelspiesse, K., Werdell, P. J., Ibrahim, A., Cairns, B., Hasekamp, O. P. (2021). Atmospheric correction over the ocean for hyperspectral radiometers using multi-angle polarimetric retrievals. Opt. Express, 29(3), 4504–4522. http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-29-3-4504

Gao, M., Zhai, P., Franz, B. A., Knobelspiesse, K., Ibrahim, A., Cairns, B., Craig, S. E., Fu, G., Hasekamp, O., Hu, Y., Werdell, P. J. (2020). Inversion of multiangular polarimetric measurements from the ACEPOL campaign: an application of improving aerosol property and hyperspectral ocean color retrievals. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 13(7), 3939–3956. https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/13/3939/2020/

Mukherjee, L., Zhai, P., Gao, M., Hu, Y., Franz, B., Werdell, P. Jeremy (2020). Neural Network Reflectance Prediction Model for Both Open Ocean and Coastal Waters. Remote Sensing, 12(9), 1421.

Zhou, Y., Yang, Y., Gao, M., Zhai, P. (2020). Cloud Detection over Snow and Ice with Oxygen A- and B-band Observations from the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC). Atmospheric measurement techniques, 13, 1575-1591.

Chowdhary, J., Zhai, P., Xu, F., Frouin, R., Ramon, D. (2019). Testbed results for scalar and vector radiative transfer computations of light in atmosphere-ocean systems. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 242, 106717. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002240731930370X

Frouin, R. J., Franz, B. A., Ibrahim, A., Knobelspiesse, K., Ahmad, Z., Cairns, B., Chowdhary, J., Dierssen, H. M., Tan, J., Dubovik, O., Huang, X., Davis, A. B., Kalashnikova, O., Thompson, D. R., Remer, L. A., Boss, E., Coddington, O., Deschamps, P.-Y., Gao, B.-C., Gross, L., Hasekamp, O., Omar, A., Pelletier, B., Ramon, D., Steinmetz, F., Zhai, P. (2019). Atmospheric Correction of Satellite Ocean-Color Imagery During the PACE Era. Frontiers in Earth Science, 7, 145. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2019.00145

Gao, M., Zhai, P., Yang, Y., Hu, Y. (2019). Cloud remote sensing with EPIC/DSCOVR observations: A sensitivity study with radiative transfer simulations. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 230, 56 – 60. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022407318309166

Jamet, C., Ibrahim, A., Ahmad, Z., Angelini, F., Babin, M., Behrenfeld, M. J., Boss, E., Cairns, B., Churnside, J., Chowdhary, J., Davis, A. B., Dionisi, D., Duforêt-Gaurier, L., Franz, B., Frouin, R., Gao, M., Gray, D., Hasekamp, O., He, X., Hostetler, C., Kalashnikova, O. V., Knobelspiesse, K., Lacour, L., Loisel, H., Martins, V., Rehm, E., Remer, L. A., Sanhaj, I., Stamnes, K., Stamnes, S., Victori, S., Werdell, J., Zhai, P. (2019). Going Beyond Standard Ocean Color Observations: Lidar and Polarimetry. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 251. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00251

Gao, M., Zhai, P., Franz, B. A., Hu, Y., Knobelspiesse, K., Werdell, P. J., Ibrahim, A., Cairns, B., Chase, A. (2019). Inversion of multiangular polarimetric measurements over open and coastal ocean waters: a joint retrieval algorithm for aerosol and water-leaving radiance properties. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 12(7), 3921–3941. https://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/12/3921/2019/

Chowdhary, J., Zhai, P., Boss, E., Dierssen, H., Frouin, R., Ibrahim, A., Lee, Z., Remer, L. A., Twardowski, M., Xu, F., Zhang, X., Ottaviani, M., Espinosa, W. R., Ramon, D. (2019). Modeling Atmosphere-Ocean Radiative Transfer: A PACE Mission Perspective. Frontiers in Earth Science, 7, 100. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2019.00100

Remer, L. A., Davis, A. B., Mattoo, S., Levy, R. C., Kalashnikova, O. V., Coddington, O., Chowdhary, J., Knobelspiesse, K., Xu, X., Ahmad, Z., Boss, E., Cairns, B., Dierssen, H. M., Diner, D. J., Franz, B., Frouin, R., Gao, B.-C., Ibrahim, A., Martins, J. V., Omar, A. H., Torres, O., Xu, F., Zhai, P. (2019). Retrieving Aerosol Characteristics From the PACE Mission, Part 1: Ocean Color Instrument. Frontiers in Earth Science, 7, 152. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2019.00152

Remer, L. A., Knobelspiesse, K., Zhai, P., Xu, F., Kalashnikova, O. V., Chowdhary, J., Hasekamp, O., Dubovik, O., Wu, L., Ahmad, Z., Boss, E., Cairns, B., Coddington, O., Davis, A. B., Dierssen, H. M., Diner, D. J., Franz, B., Frouin, R., Gao, B.-C., Ibrahim, A., Levy, R. C., Martins, J. V., Omar, A. H., Torres, O. (2019). Retrieving Aerosol Characteristics From the PACE Mission, Part 2: Multi-Angle and Polarimetry. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 7, 94. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00094

Ibrahim, A., Franz, B., Ahmad, Z., Knobelspiesse, K., Healy, R., Gao, B.-c., Zhai, P. (2018). Atmospheric Correction for Hyperspectral Ocean Color Retrieval with Application to the Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO). Remote Sensing of Environment, 204, 60-75.

Zhai, P., Boss, E., Franz, B., Werdell, J., Hu, Y. (2018). Radiative transfer modeling of phytoplankton fluorescence quenching  processes. MDPI Remote Sensing, 10(8), 1039.

Gao, M., Zhai, P., Franz, B., Hu, Y., Knobelspiesse, K., Werdell, P. J., Ibrahim, A., Xu, F., Cairns, B. (2018). Retrieval of aerosol properties and water-leaving reflectance from multi-angular polarimetric measurements over coastal waters. Opt. Express, 26(7), 8968–8989. http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-26-7-8968

Mukherjee, L., Zhai, P., Hu, Y., Winker, D. (2018). Single scattering properties of non-spherical hydrosols modeled by spheroids. Optics Express, 26(2), A124-A135. https://www.osapublishing.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-26-2-A124

Zhai, P., Knobelspiesse, K., Ibrahim, A., Franz, B., Hu, Y., Gao, M., Frouin, R. (2017). Water-leaving contribution to polarized radiation field over ocean. Optics Express, 25(16), A689-A708.

Mukherjee, L., Zhai, P., Hu, Y., Winker, D. M. (2017). Equivalence of internal and external mixture schemes of single scattering properties in vector radiative transfer. Applied Optics, 56(14), 4105-4112.

Zhai, P., Hu, Y., Winker, D. M., Franz, B., WERDELL, J., BOSS, E. (2017). Inelastic vector radiative transfer solution in ocean waters. Optics Express, 25, A223-A239.

Tang, G., Panetta, R. L., Yang, P., Kattawar, G., Zhai, P. (2017). Effects of ice crystal surface roughness and air bubble inclusions on cirrus cloud radiative properties from remote sensing perspective. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 195, 119-131.

Zhang, X., He, S., Shabani, A., Zhai, P., Du, K. (2017). Spectral sea surface reflectance of skylight. Optics Express, 25(4), A1-A13.

Xu, F., Dubovik, O., Zhai, P., Diner, D. J., Kalashnikova, O. V., Seidel, F. C., Litvinov, P., Bovchaliuk, A., Garay, M. J., van Harten, G., Davis, A. B. (2016). Joint retrieval of aerosol and water-leaving radiance from multi-spectral, multi-angular and polarimetric measurements over ocean. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions, 9, 2877–2907. http://www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net/amt-2015-394/

Zhai, P., Hu, Y., Winker, D. M., Franz, B., Boss, E. (2015). Contribution of Raman scattering to polarized radiation field in ocean waters. Optics Express, 23(18), 23582-23596.

Zhai, P., Hu, Y., Trepte, C. R., Winker, D. M., Lucker, P. L., Lee, Z., Josset, D. B. (2015). Uncertainty in the bidirectional reflectance model for oceanic waters. Appl. Opt., 54(13), 4061–4069. http://ao.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-54-13-4061

Zhai, P., Hu, Y., Josset, D. B., Trepte, C. R., Lucker, P. L., Lin, B. (2013). Advanced angular interpolation in the vector radiative transfer for coupled atmosphere and ocean systems. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 115, 19-27.

Josset, D., Tanelli, S., Hu, Y., Pelon, J., Zhai, P. (2013). Analysis of water vapor correction for Cloudsat W-band radar. IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, 51(7), 3812-3825.

Zhai, P., Hu, Y., Trepte, C. R., Winker, D. M., Josset, D. B., Lucker, P. L., Kattawar, G. W. (2013). Inherent optical properties of the coccolithophore: Emiliania huxleyi. Optics express, 21(15), 17625-17638.

Zhai, P., Hu, Y., Hostetler, C. A., Cairns, B., Ferrare, R. A., Knobelspiesse, K. D., Josset, D. B., Trepte, C. R., Lucker, P. L., Chowdhary, J. (2013). Uncertainty and interpretation of aerosol remote sensing due to vertical inhomogeneity. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 114, 91-100.

Diner, D. J., Hodos, R. A., Davis, A. B., Garay, M. J., Martonchik, J. V., Sanghavi, S. V., von Allmen, P., Kokhanovsky, A. A., Zhai, P. (2012). An optimization approach for aerosol retrievals using simulated MISR radiances. Atmospheric Research, 116, 1-14.

Josset, D., Pelon, J., Garnier, A., Hu, Y., Vaughan, M., Zhai, P., Kuehn, R., Lucker, P. (2012). Cirrus optical depth and lidar ratio retrieval from combined CALIPSO‐CloudSat observations using ocean surface echo. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (1984–2012), 117, D05207.

Zhai, P., Kattawar, G. W., Hu, Y. (2012). Comment on the transmission matrix for a dielectric interface. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 113(16), 1981-1984.

Josset, D., Rogers, R., Pelon, J., Hu, Y., Liu, Z., Omar, A., Zhai, P. (2011). CALIPSO lidar ratio retrieval over the ocean. Optics express, 19(19), 18696-18706.

Zhai, P., Hu, Y., Chowdhary, J., Trepte, C. R., Lucker, P. L., Josset, D. B. (2010). A vector radiative transfer model for coupled atmosphere and ocean systems with a rough interface. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 111(7), 1025-1040.

Zhai, P., Hu, Y., Trepte, C. R., Lucker, P. L., Josset, D. B. (2010). Decoupling error for the atmospheric correction in ocean color remote sensing algorithms. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 111(12), 1958-1963.

Fry, E. S., Kattawar, G. W., Strycker, B. D., Zhai, P. (2010). Equivalent path lengths in an integrating cavity: comment. Applied optics, 49(4), 575-577.

Josset, D., Zhai, P., Hu, Y., Pelon, J., Lucker, P. L. (2010). Lidar equation for ocean surface and subsurface. Optics express, 18(20), 20862-20875.

Hu, Y., Rodier, S., Xu, K., Sun, W., Huang, J., Lin, B., Zhai, P., Josset, D. (2010). Occurrence, liquid water content, and fraction of supercooled water clouds from combined CALIOP/IIR/MODIS measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (1984–2012), 115, D00H34.

Chang, G., Twardowski, M. S., You, Y., Moline, M., Zhai, P., Freeman, S., Slivkoff, M., Nencioli, F., Kattawar, G. W. (2010). Platform effects on optical variability and prediction of underwater visibility. Applied optics, 49(15), 2784-2796.

Zhai, P., Hu, Y., Trepte, C. R., Lucker, P. L. (2009). A vector radiative transfer model for coupled atmosphere and ocean systems based on successive order of scattering method. Optics express, 17(4), 2057-2079.

Zhai, P., Kattawar, G. W., Yang, P. (2009). Mueller matrix imaging of targets under an air-sea interface. Applied optics, 48(2), 250-260.

You, Y., Zhai, P., Kattawar, G. W., Yang, P. (2009). Polarized radiance fields under a dynamic ocean surface: a three-dimensional radiative transfer solution. Applied optics, 48(16), 3019-3029.

Zhai, P., Kattawar, G. W., Yang, P. (2008). Impulse response solution to the three-dimensional vector radiative transfer equation in atmosphere-ocean systems. I. Monte Carlo method. Applied optics, 47(8), 1037-1047.

Zhai, P., Kattawar, G. W., Yang, P. (2008). Impulse response solution to the three-dimensional vector radiative transfer equation in atmosphere-ocean systems. II. The hybrid matrix operator–Monte Carlo method. Applied optics, 47(8), 1063-1071.

You, Y., Kattawar, G. W., Zhai, P., Yang, P. (2008). Invisibility cloaks for irregular particles using coordinate transformations. Optics express, 16(9), 6134-6145.

Zhai, P., You, Y., Kattawar, G. W., Yang, P. (2008). Monostatic lidar/radar invisibility using coated spheres. Optics express, 16(3), 1431-1439.

You, Y., Kattawar, G. W., Zhai, P., Yang, P. (2008). Zero-backscatter cloak for aspherical particles using a generalized DDA formalism. Optics express, 16(3), 2068-2079.

Zhai, P., Li, C., Kattawar, G. W., Yang, P. (2007). FDTD far-field scattering amplitudes: Comparison of surface and volume integration methods. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 106(1), 590-594.

Li, C., Kattawar, G. W., You, Y., Zhai, P., Yang, P. (2007). FDTD solutions for the distribution of radiation from dipoles embedded in dielectric particles. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 106(1), 257-261.

Zhai, P., Kattawar, G. W., Yang, P. (2007). The far-field modified uncorrelated single-scattering approximation in light scattering by a small volume element. Optics express, 15(13), 8479-8485.

Fry, E. S., Musser, J., Kattawar, G. W., Zhai, P. (2006). Integrating cavities: temporal response. Applied optics, 45(36), 9053-9065.

Zhai, P., Kattawar, G. W., Yang, P., Li, C. (2005). Application of the symplectic finite-difference time-domain method to light scattering by small particles. Applied optics, 44(9), 1650-1656.

Kattawar, G., Li, C., Zhai, P., Yang, P. (2005). Electric and magnetic energy density distributions inside and outside dielectric particles illuminated by a plane electromagnetic wave. Optics express, 13(12), 4554-4559.

Zhai, P., Lee, Y.-K., Kattawar, G. W., Yang, P. (2004). Implementing the near-to far-field transformation in the finite-difference time-domain method. Applied optics, 43(18), 3738-3746.

Zhang, H., Zhai, P., Su, X., Wu, J., Gao, J. (2002). Quantum-interference effects for gain leveling in optical fibers. Physical Review A, 65, 043812-1.

Zhai, P., Su, X., Gao, J. (2001). Optical bistability in electromagnetically induced grating. Physics Letters A, 289, 27-33.

Wang, J., Ciao, Y., Fan, W., Zhai, P., Gao, J. (1999). Optical gain and grating structure in the collective atomic recoil laser. Physics Letters A, 254, 251-256.

Conference Proceedings

Josset, D., Doppler, L., Waquet, F., Seze, G., Pelon, J., Hu, Y., Fischer, J., Ravetta, F., Tsamalis, C., Zhai, P. (2013). Aerosol radiative forcing over liquid water clouds based on A-Train synergies and active/passive polarized observations. RADIATION PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN (IRS2012): Proceedings of the International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS) (1st ed., vol. 1531, pp. 436-439). AIP Publishing.

Zhai, P., Hu, Y., Josset, D. B., Trepte, C. R., Lucker, P. L., Lin, B. (2012). Exact first order scattering correction for vector radiative transfer in coupled atmosphere and ocean systems. SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing (pp. 83640A-83640A-12). International Society for Optics and Photonics.

Rodier, S., Zhai, P., Josset, D., Hu, Y., Vaughan, M. (2011). CALIPSO Lidar Measurements for Ocean Subsurface Studies (pp. 10-15). Proceedings of the 34th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of the Environment, Sydney, NSW, Australia.